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Ear, Nose & Throat Conditions
Nosebleeds
Signs & Symptoms
• Bleeding from a nostril.
• Bleeding from the nose and down the back of the throat.
Causes
Nosebleeds are often caused by broken blood vessels just inside the nose. Risk factors include:
• A cold or allergies.
• A dry environment.
• Frequent nose blowing and picking.
• Using too much nasal spray.
• A punch or other blow to the nose.
A nosebleed is serious when heavy bleeding from deep within the nose is hard to stop. This type occurs most often in the elderly. It can be caused by: Hardening of nasal blood vessels; high blood pressure; and medicines that treat blood clots.
Treatment
Self-care treats most nosebleeds. A doctor can pack the nostril to stop the bleeding or do a treatment that seals the blood vessel that bleeds.
Questions to Ask
Question
01
Is blood from a nosebleed going down the back of the throat or backward into the mouth even though you are pinching the nostril shut?
Get medical care without delay. If symptoms are life threatening go to the ER or call 9-1-1. Don’t call 9-1-1 or use the ER if symptoms do not threaten life. Ask your doctor ahead of time where you should go for a problem that needs prompt care, but not emergency care.
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Question
02
Did the nosebleed follow a blow to the head or nose or a severe headache? Or, does the nosebleed occur in a person taking blood-thinning medicine?
Get medical care without delay. If symptoms are life threatening go to the ER or call 9-1-1. Don’t call 9-1-1 or use the ER if symptoms do not threaten life. Ask your doctor ahead of time where you should go for a problem that needs prompt care, but not emergency care.
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Question
03
In the past 48 hours, did 3 or more nosebleeds occur and did each one take longer than 10 minutes to stop?
You should be seen by your doctor for medical advice. Contact your doctor or health care provider to find out how soon you should be seen.
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Question
04
Did the nosebleed start after taking newly prescribed medicine? Or, do nosebleeds occur often?
You should be seen by your doctor for medical advice. Contact your doctor or health care provider to find out how soon you should be seen.
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Self-Care / Prevention
• Sit with your head leaning forward. Pinch the nostrils shut. Use your thumb and forefinger to gently squeeze the nose’s midsection.
• Hold for up to 20 minutes without stopping. Use a clock to time this. Breathe through your mouth while you do this. Repeat a second time, if needed. If a second attempt fails, go to an urgent care center or hospital emergency department. Don’t take aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
• For the next 24 hours, elevate your head above the level of your heart. Also, try not to blow your nose, lift heavy objects, or exercise hard.
• Use a humidifier or cool-mist vaporizer to add moisture to household air.
Download an offline pdf file.
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