Pneumonia

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Pneumonia is lung inflammation. It is one of the leading causes of death in the U.S., especially in the elderly.

Signs & Symptoms

Bronchitis

•  Chest pain when breathing in.

•  Fever and chills.

•  Cough, often with bloody, dark yellow, green, or rust-colored sputum.

•  Shortness of breath. Rapid breathing.

•  Appetite loss.

•  Fatigue. Headache. Nausea. Vomiting.

•  Bluish lips and fingertips, if severe.

Causes

Wheezing

Viral or bacterial infections are the most common causes. Other causes are fungal infections and chemical irritants like inhaled poisonous gases.

Risk Factors

•  Having had pneumonia before.

•  Being in the hospital for other problems.

•  A suppressed cough reflex after a stroke.

•  Smoking.

•  Very poor diet, alcoholism, or drug use.

•  A recent respiratory infection.

•  Emphysema. Chronic bronchitis.

•  Radiation treatments, chemotherapy, and any medication or illness that wears down the immune system.

Treatment

Treatment depends on its type (viral, bacterial, or chemical) and location. Treatment includes:

•  Medications.

•  Oxygen therapy. Hospitalization. Removing fluid from the lungs, if needed.

Questions to Ask

Self-Care / Prevention

•  Get vaccines for influenza and pneumonia.

•  Don’t smoke. If you smoke, quit. Avoid secondhand smoke.

•  Get plenty of rest.

•  Use a cool-mist vaporizer in the room(s) in which you spend most of your time.

•  Drink plenty of fluids.

•  Take medicines as prescribed by your doctor. Take the medicine for pain and/or fever that your doctor advises. Over-the-counter pain relievers should be avoided for some types of bacterial pneumonia.

This website is not meant to substitute for expert medical advice or treatment. Follow your doctor’s or health care provider’s advice if it differs from what is given in this guide.

 

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