Grief/Bereavement

Grief is a deep sadness or sorrow that results from a loss. The loss can be from something big or small. It can be from something positive or negative. Examples of things that cause grief include changes in:

	A job (new or lost job, a promotion or demotion, or retirement)
	Relationships (splitting up, getting divorced or having a child leave home)
	Health problems (illness or injury)
	Life matters (death of a family member or friend, loss of property or moving to a new place)

There are many factors that shape our response to a loss such as death. These include:

	Age
	Health
	How sudden the loss was
	Cultural background
	Religious beliefs
	Financial security
	Social network
	History of other losses or traumatic events

Each of these factors can add to or reduce the pain of grieving. Trying to deny or avoid grief only seems to create more serious problems later. To come through the process in a healthy way, it is best to understand what coping with loss is all about.

Bereavement is a process of grieving most often linked to the death of a loved one.

Stages of Grief

Before a griever can feel “whole” or healed, they generally go through four stages:

Shock. The person feels dazed or numb.
Denial and Searching. The person:

Is in a state of disbelief
Asks questions, such as “Why did this happen?,” “Why didn’t I prevent this?”
Looks for ways to keep their loved one or loss with them
Thinks he or she sees or hears the deceased person
Just begins to feel the reality of the event

Suffering and Disorganization. The person:

Has feelings, such as guilt, depression, anxiety, loneliness, fear, hostility
May place blame on everyone and everything, including themself
May get physical symptoms, such as headaches, stomachaches, constant fatigue, shortness of breath
Withdraws from routine and social contacts

Recovery and Acceptance. The person:

Begins to look at the future instead of focusing on the past
Adjusts to the reality of the loss
Develops new relationships
Develops a positive attitude

The normal period of grieving the loss of a loved one lasts from one to three years, but could take longer.

Questions to Ask

Have you just attempted suicide, are you making plans for suicide, or do you have repeated thoughts of suicide or death?

Are you abusing medication and/or alcohol to make yourself feel better? Do you need these to cope or “numb” your pain?

Do you have one or more of these problems due to grief? Extreme stress on your marriage and/or your children Not able to cope day to day Ongoing problems with insomnia, excessive crying, depression, feelings of guilt, or eating too much or too little food

Have you refused to sort through the deceased’s belongings after a significant time?

Self-Help

	Maintain good health habits (e.g., eat well, get regular exercise, etc.).
	Allow friends and family to assist you. Tell them how you really feel. Visit them, especially during the holidays, if you would otherwise be alone. Traveling during the holidays may also be helpful.
	Try not to make major life changes, such as moving during the first year of grieving.
	Share and maintain memories of a lost loved one. It is important to reminisce. Being reminded of the past can be essential to the process of coming to grips with a loss. Don’t hold your feelings inside.
	Join a support group for the bereaved if someone close to you has died. People and places to contact include your EAP representative, your student counseling center, churches or synagogues, funeral homes, and hospice centers.
	Contact local mental health centers. (Also see “National Resources”.)
	Adopt a pet
	Use bibliotherapy - read self-help books about grief and death

Get regular physical exercise, such as walking.

What You Can Do for a Friend or Relative

	Be supportive.
	Be a good listener. Encourage the mourner to talk. They need to “vent” their feelings about their loss. Listen without judging.
	Allow them to mourn. Mourning is a necessary process. Do not expect the mourner to bounce back to their old self right away.
	Be compassionate. Some things to say include: “How are you doing?” “Do you want to talk? If not, that’s okay. If and when you want to talk, please let me know.” “I’m sorry about your loss. What can I do to help?” “I don’t know what to say.” “I care about you. What can I do to help you?”
	Also, actions can speak louder than words. The sense of touch can be very soothing during grief and bereavement. Put your arm around the person who is grieving. Hold their hand. Touch their shoulder or arm.
	Call your friend or relative and/or send them a “thinking about you” greeting card at times when they are more apt to miss the deceased person, such as during holidays or the anniversary date of the person’s: Death Birthday Wedding anniversary

Offer a helping hand to someone who is grieving.